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Pharmacological strategies to prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury

Pattharawin Pattharanitima1, Adis Tasanarong1

  • 1Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klong Luang, Pathumtani 12121, Thailand.

Biomed Research International
|April 11, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a significant risk for patients undergoing contrast media procedures. This review examines pharmacological strategies to prevent CI-AKI in high-risk individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a common complication following intravenous contrast media administration.
  • CI-AKI incidence is low in healthy individuals but significantly elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetes, advanced age, and other risk factors.
  • CI-AKI contributes to prolonged hospital stays, increased morbidity, and mortality, particularly in high-risk populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the current evidence for pharmacological strategies aimed at preventing CI-AKI.
  • To identify effective treatments for high-risk patients susceptible to contrast-induced nephropathy.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of experimental studies and clinical trials.
  • Critical evaluation of existing evidence on CI-AKI prevention.

Main Results:

  • Intravascular volume expansion with saline or sodium bicarbonate is currently recommended for CI-AKI prevention.
  • Despite current strategies, a notable proportion of at-risk patients still develop CI-AKI.
  • Pharmacological interventions beyond volume expansion require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • While volume expansion is a cornerstone of CI-AKI prevention, it is not universally effective.
  • Further research into pharmacological strategies is crucial for improving CI-AKI prevention in high-risk patients.
  • Developing novel preventative treatments is essential to reduce the burden of CI-AKI.

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