Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 1, 2026
08:24
Visualization of Replisome Encounters with an Antigen Tagged Blocking Lesion
Published on: July 27, 2021
1.3K
When PRRs collide: mincle meddles with dectin and toll.
1Department of Pediatrics, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
Cell Host & Microbe
|April 12, 2014
Summary
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can oppose each other. Fungal Mincle signaling suppresses interleukin-12 (IL-12) transcription, weakening the immune system
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Microbiology
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are crucial for pathogen detection and adaptive immunity.
- Interactions between different PRRs are known to influence immune responses.
- The specific mechanisms by which PRRs antagonize each other remain largely unexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate a mechanism of PRR antagonism in the context of fungal infections.
- To investigate how Mincle signaling impacts the immune response to fungal pathogens.
- To understand the regulation of interleukin-12 (IL-12) transcription by PRRs.
Main Methods:
- Utilized fungal components to induce Mincle signaling in immune cells.
- Assessed the transcriptional levels of IL-12 under different PRR activation conditions.
- Investigated the downstream effects of Mincle-mediated suppression on antifungal immunity.
Main Results:
- Fungal-induced Mincle signaling was found to suppress IL-12 transcription.
- This suppression occurred independently of other PRR-mediated signaling pathways.
- The inhibition of IL-12 production by Mincle signaling resulted in abated antifungal immunity.
Conclusions:
- A novel mechanism of PRR antagonism has been identified, involving Mincle signaling.
- Mincle-mediated suppression of IL-12 transcription is a key factor in regulating antifungal immune responses.
- Understanding this antagonism is critical for developing strategies to enhance antifungal immunity.
Related Concept Videos
02:37Restarting Stalled Replication Forks
5.1K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.1K
01:22Formation of the Platelet Plug
6.2K
The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
6.2K
01:20¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)
1.3K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.3K
01:12Double Resonance Techniques: Overview
870
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
870
02:32Exon Recombination
3.1K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.1K
01:13¹H NMR: Complex Splitting
1.7K
A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied...
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied...
1.7K