Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Exceptions to the Octet Rule02:55

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

31.4K
Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:
31.4K
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction00:59

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction

4.3K
The benzylic position describes the position of a carbon atom attached directly to a benzene ring. Benzene by itself does not undergo oxidation. In contrast, the benzylic carbon is quite reactive in the presence of strong oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 or H2CrO4. Therefore, alkylbenzenes are readily oxidized to benzoic acid, irrespective of the type of alkyl groups.
4.3K
Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

30.4K
Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
30.4K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

28.2K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
28.2K
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

4.6K
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
4.6K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

7.4K
The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
7.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Single-atom substitution redirects KatG reactivity from cofactor biogenesis to stereoselective sulfoxidation.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

300-W high-brightness Yb-doped fiber laser near 980 nm based on a 3 × 1 fiber signal combiner.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Innovations in hybrid rice seed production: Integrating agronomy, mechanization, and biotechnology.

Plant communications·2026
Same author

TAR syndrome causal gene RBM8A is critical for embryonic bone development and proper Hedgehog signaling.

Research square·2026
Same author

TAR syndrome causal gene <i>RBM8A</i> is critical for embryonic bone development and proper Hedgehog signaling.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Towards green magnesium preparation using a recyclable argon plasma anode for continuous electrolysis in molten chlorides.

Communications chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation
07:44

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation

Published on: March 15, 2017

17.6K

Bis-Fe(IV): nature's sniper for long-range oxidation.

Jiafeng Geng1, Ian Davis, Fange Liu

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.

Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry : JBIC : a Publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry
|April 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A novel bis-iron(IV) intermediate in the enzyme MauG is remarkably stable and exhibits unique near-infrared absorption due to charge resonance. This finding advances understanding of iron-dependent enzymes and their catalytic mechanisms.

More Related Videos

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
11:04

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Published on: September 7, 2019

8.3K
Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation
07:44

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation

Published on: March 15, 2017

17.6K
Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
11:04

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Published on: September 7, 2019

8.3K
Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Bioinorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Iron-dependent enzymes utilize high-valence iron intermediates for redox catalysis, particularly in activating peroxide or oxygen.
  • Characterizing these reactive intermediates is crucial for understanding enzyme mechanisms.
  • MauG, a c-type diheme enzyme, matures a cofactor for methylamine dehydrogenase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties and significance of the bis-iron(IV) intermediate in MauG.
  • To compare MauG with related enzymes and elucidate the chemical origin and structural basis of the bis-iron(IV) intermediate.
  • To explore the charge-resonance phenomenon and its role in the enzyme's catalytic mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of MauG with structurally related enzymes.
  • Summary of existing knowledge on the bis-iron(IV) intermediate's properties, origin, and structure.
  • Discussion of charge resonance formation and consequences.
  • Recounting the long-range catalytic mechanism involving the bis-iron(IV) intermediate.

Main Results:

  • An unprecedented bis-iron(IV) intermediate in MauG is significantly more stable than other high-valence iron species.
  • This bis-iron(IV) intermediate displays a unique near-infrared absorption feature attributed to charge resonance.
  • The review synthesizes current understanding of this intermediate's chemical and structural aspects.

Conclusions:

  • The bis-iron(IV) intermediate in MauG represents a stable, high-valence iron species with unique spectroscopic properties.
  • Understanding charge resonance in this context offers new insights into biological redox catalysis.
  • The study highlights biological strategies for storing oxidizing equivalents using iron ions.