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Related Concept Videos

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte02:33

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

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Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.
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Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus01:15

Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus

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Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
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Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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The Angiosperm Life Cycle02:39

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Plants have a life cycle split between two multicellular stages: a haploid stage—with cells containing one set of chromosomes—and a diploid stage—with cells containing two sets of chromosomes. The haploid stage is the gamete-producing gametophyte, and the diploid stage is the spore-producing sporophyte.
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Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Two-step Approach to Explore Early- and Late-stages of Organ Formation in the Avian Model: The Thymus and Parathyroid Glands Organogenesis Paradigm
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Two-step Approach to Explore Early- and Late-stages of Organ Formation in the Avian Model: The Thymus and Parathyroid Glands Organogenesis Paradigm

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Ovule development, a new model for lateral organ formation.

Mara Cucinotta1, Lucia Colombo1, Irma Roig-Villanova1

  • 1Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano Milan, Italy.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|April 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana is key to improving crop yields. This review covers molecular and hormonal factors controlling ovule number and seed production.

Keywords:
Arabidopsisdevelopmenthormonesovule numberovule primordiatranscription factors

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In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Protocols for Obtaining Zygotic and Somatic Embryos for Studying the Regulation of Early Embryo Development in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula
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Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Two-step Approach to Explore Early- and Late-stages of Organ Formation in the Avian Model: The Thymus and Parathyroid Glands Organogenesis Paradigm
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In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Protocols for Obtaining Zygotic and Somatic Embryos for Studying the Regulation of Early Embryo Development in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula
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Area of Science:

  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Developmental genetics
  • Hormonal regulation in plants

Background:

  • Ovules develop into seeds after fertilization, directly impacting crop yield.
  • In Arabidopsis thaliana, ovule primordia emerge from the carpel placenta.
  • Precise positioning and boundary definition are crucial for determining ovule number.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review molecular mechanisms controlling ovule number in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • To summarize the role of plant hormones in ovule initiation.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of ovule formation control.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular factors.
  • Analysis of hormonal signaling pathways.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on Arabidopsis ovule development.

Main Results:

  • Few molecular factors have been identified to date.
  • Plant hormones are crucial for initiating ovule formation.
  • Both molecular and hormonal pathways regulate ovule number.

Conclusions:

  • Ovule number determination is a complex process involving precise spatial and temporal regulation.
  • Plant hormones play a fundamental role in controlling ovule initiation.
  • Further research into these mechanisms can enhance agricultural productivity.