A systematic approach to the evaluation of acute unexplained crying in infants in the emergency department

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Emergency Medicine

Background:

• Infant crying is a common behavior with a wide differential diagnosis.
• Crying may be the sole indicator of underlying pathology in infants.
• Evaluating crying infants presents unique challenges in the emergency department.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a systematic and practical approach to evaluating crying infants in the emergency department.
• To review the broad spectrum of conditions indicated by infant crying.
• To address challenges when crying is the only presenting sign.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of literature on infant crying evaluation.
• Clinical case analysis of crying infants in emergency settings.
• Development of a practical diagnostic algorithm for crying infants.

Main Results:

• Crying can range from normal physiological needs to critical medical or surgical conditions.
• A thorough history and physical examination are crucial for accurate diagnosis.
• Caregiver concerns must be integrated into the evaluation process.

Conclusions:

• A structured approach is essential for the effective evaluation of crying infants.
• Distinguishing benign from serious causes of crying requires careful assessment.
• This review aims to guide clinicians in managing this common pediatric chief complaint.