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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Cancer Prevention02:59

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer Prevention02:59

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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
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Cancer02:18

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Modeling Breast Cancer in Human Breast Tissue using a Microphysiological System
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Obesity and cancer pathogenesis.

Nathan A Berger1

  • 1Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry, and Genetics, Center for Science, Health and Society, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|April 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Obesity is a global pandemic linked to higher cancer risk and poorer outcomes. This review explores how type 2 diabetes, diet, and gut microbes influence cancer development and progression.

Keywords:
cancer and obesitycholesteroldiabetesdietary fatsintestinal microbiomemurine modelspancreatic cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Overweight and obesity are global health crises.
  • Obesity is linked to increased risk and worse prognosis for numerous cancers.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying the obesity-cancer link require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiologic processes connecting obesity and cancer.
  • To focus on the interplay between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer.
  • To examine the role of diet, murine models, and the gut microbiome in this association.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Focus on pathophysiologic mechanisms.
  • Inclusion of data from murine models and human studies.

Main Results:

  • Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus share common pathophysiologic pathways influencing cancer.
  • Dietary factors, including fats and cholesterol, play a role in cancer promotion.
  • The intestinal microbiome is implicated in both obesity and cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity significantly impacts cancer risk and prognosis through complex biological mechanisms.
  • Understanding these mechanisms, including the role of type 2 diabetes and the microbiome, is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
  • Further research using models like murine studies can illuminate these complex relationships.