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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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    Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to white matter (WM) abnormalities. Reduced white matter integrity in specific brain tracts correlates with increased symptom severity in OCD patients.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroimaging
    • Psychiatry
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental health condition.
    • Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of OCD is crucial for developing effective treatments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate white matter (WM) abnormalities in patients with OCD.
    • To explore the relationship between WM integrity and the severity of OCD symptoms.

    Main Methods:

    • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to assess white matter integrity in nine OCD patients and nine healthy controls.
    • Analyses included fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in regions of interest (ROIs) and whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics.
    • Key brain regions examined were the internal capsule (IC), superior longitudinal fascicule (SLF), cingulate bundle (CB), and corpus callosum (CC).

    Main Results:

    • Patients with OCD showed reduced FA and increased MD in several WM tracts, including the internal capsule, superior longitudinal fascicule, and corpus callosum.
    • Voxelwise analysis confirmed widespread WM alterations in OCD patients compared to controls.
    • OCD symptom severity was significantly correlated with white matter alterations in the anterior limb of the IC, SLF, and genu of the corpus callosum.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings support the involvement of multiple white matter tracts in the pathophysiology of OCD.
    • Impaired white matter integrity is associated with greater symptom severity in obsessive-compulsive disorder.