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Related Concept Videos

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

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Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
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Asthma I: Introduction01:28

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
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Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
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Relationship between urine dichlorophenol levels and asthma morbidity.

Elina Jerschow1, Purvi Parikh1, Aileen P McGinn2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
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High urinary dichlorophenol levels are linked to increased asthma morbidity in individuals with atopy and wheezing. These environmental exposures are also associated with elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Chlorinated phenols are linked to atopic conditions.
  • The association between chlorinated phenols, wheeze, asthma, and atopy is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between urinary dichlorophenol levels and asthma morbidity in atopic and nonatopic wheezers.
  • To examine the relationship between dichlorophenol levels and total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 2,125 participants in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2006).
  • Focus on 250 participants who reported wheezing in the past year, categorized as atopic or nonatopic.
  • Measurement of urine dichlorophenol levels (2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenols) and serum IgE.

Main Results:

  • In atopic wheezers, higher 2,5-dichlorophenol levels correlated with physician-diagnosed asthma, increased asthma medication prescriptions, and more frequent exercise-induced wheezing.
  • Atopic wheezers with higher dichlorophenol levels were more likely to miss work/school due to wheezing.
  • No significant associations were found between dichlorophenol levels and asthma morbidity in nonatopic wheezers.
  • Dichlorophenol metabolites showed a positive association with increased serum IgE levels in the overall sample.

Conclusions:

  • Urinary dichlorophenol levels are associated with asthma morbidity in individuals with atopy and a history of wheezing.
  • Higher urine dichlorophenol levels correlate with elevated total serum IgE.
  • Environmental exposure to dichlorophenols may play a role in asthma development and exacerbation, particularly in atopic individuals.