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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
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Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Real-Time Fluorescent Measurement of Synaptic Functions in Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Disability in multiple sclerosis: when synaptic long-term potentiation fails.

Sagit Weiss1, Francesco Mori1, Silvia Rossi1

  • 1Neurology Clinic, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Roma, Italy.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|April 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Adaptive synaptic plasticity, known as long-term potentiation (LTP), may explain how the brain compensates for damage in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Enhancing LTP shows promise in improving motor symptoms and reducing disability progression in MS patients.

Keywords:
Clinico-radiological paradoxCortical remappingDisabilityLong term potentiationRecoverySynaptic plasticityTranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Long-term Potentiation of Perforant Pathway-dentate Gyrus Synapse in Freely Behaving Mice
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Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Clinical presentation of brain damage is variable, especially in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), leading to the clinico-radiological paradox.
  • The relationship between standard neuroradiological markers and clinical disability in MS is often weak.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review data on the potential role of adaptive synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) in the clinical progression of MS.
  • To propose LTP as a core adaptive mechanism bridging neuronal damage and clinical symptoms in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of available scientific data and studies.
  • Exploration of cortical LTP reserve using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Main Results:

  • Cortical LTP reserve, measured by TMS, appears to counteract disability progression in MS.
  • Promoting cortical LTP via TMS has demonstrated acute cortical remapping and symptom improvement in MS and other neurological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) is a crucial adaptive mechanism in the brain.
  • LTP's ability to strengthen synaptic communication may restore neuronal excitability, offering a potential therapeutic target for MS and other neurological disorders.