Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 1, 2026
Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment
Published on: February 23, 2024
Measurement of total occlusal convergence of 3 different tooth preparations in 4 different planes by dental students
Stephan S Yoon1, Chan Cheong2, John Preisser3
1Resident, Department of Orthodontics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
Statement Of Problem:
Total occlusal convergence of crown preparation is an important didactic and clinical concept in dental education.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare the discrepancy between the total occlusal convergence of dental students' typodont crown preparations and the ideal range (4 to 10 degrees) in 3 different regions of the mouth and in 4 different planes of the teeth.
Material And Methods:
The dental students of the Class of 2012 at Harvard School of Dental Medicine were asked to prepare typodont teeth for crowns on 3 different teeth, the maxillary left central incisor (ceramic), mandibular left first molar (complete metal), and mandibular left first premolar (metal ceramic), during their third year preclinical summative examination and the Comprehensive Clinical Examination in their fourth year. Eighteen students prepared 3 teeth in their third and fourth years, whereas 19 students participated only in their fourth year, for a total of 55 sets of 3 teeth. By using custom fit die bases to reproduce the position, a novel procedure of measuring each tooth was accomplished in 4 different planes: the faciolingual, mesiodistal, mesiofacial-distolingual, and mesiolingual-distofacial. The total occlusal convergence of each image was measured with a computer screen protractor. The gingival 2 mm of the axial wall was used to determine the taper of each wall. Linear mixed model analysis was used to estimate and compare the total occlusal convergences of different teeth and planes (α=.05). Bonferroni corrections were used to adjust for post hoc multiple comparisons.
Results:
The mean total occlusal convergence varied by tooth and plane (2-way interaction; P<.001). For the first molar, dental students excessively tapered in all 4 planes; the model-predicted 99% CIs for the total occlusal convergence were as follows: faciolingual (12.7, 19.4), mesiodistal (14.0, 19.3), mesiofacial-distolingual (13,4, 19.4), and mesiolingual-distofacial (13.7, 19.1). For the central incisor, 99% CIs for the total occlusal convergence were (15.9, 24.4) for the faciolingual measurement, providing strong evidence of excessive tapering, and (4.1, 8.0) for the mesiodistal measurement, which was within the ideal total occlusal convergence range. The mesiofacial-distolingual and mesiolingual-distofacial planes in the central incisor and all 4 planes in the first premolar had mean total occlusal convergences that exceeded 10 degrees; however, excessive tapering could not be statistically established, because their CIs included values within the ideal range.
Conclusions:
The present study found significant evidence of excessive tapering in a study comparing the total occlusal convergence values of crown preparations with those of the ideal preparation for 3 different teeth in 4 different planes. The total occlusal convergence for the molar preparations had the highest mean values.
