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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
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Targeting oncogenic drivers.

Yujie Zhao1, Alex A Adjei

  • 1Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, N.Y., USA.

Progress in Tumor Research
|April 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cancer, a genetic disease, arises from mutations. While targeting oncogenes shows success, tumor suppressors remain challenging. Protein tyrosine kinases offer druggable targets for cancer therapy, but challenges persist in targeted drug development.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cancer originates from somatic and/or germline mutations, impacting oncogenes and tumor suppressors.
  • Targeting oncogene products is a successful therapeutic strategy, but tumor suppressors are considered 'undruggable'.
  • Identifying driver mutations and validating drug targets remain challenging despite advances in genetic alteration discovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established roles of oncogenes and tumor suppressors in cancer.
  • To discuss the challenges and potential of targeting protein tyrosine kinases in cancer therapy.
  • To evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors in targeted cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established knowledge on cancer genetics and targeted therapy.

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  • Analysis of the 'druggability' of protein tyrosine kinases.
  • Comparison of monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors as targeted agents.

    • Main Results:

    • Oncogene targeting is clinically successful; tumor suppressors are difficult to target.
    • Protein tyrosine kinases are crucial and possess druggable features.
    • Targeted therapy, using antibodies or small molecules, has shown initial success but faces significant challenges.

    Conclusions:

    • Targeting oncogenes is effective, but restoring tumor suppressor function in metastatic disease is a major hurdle.
    • Protein tyrosine kinases represent promising targets for cancer therapeutics.
    • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and optimize targeted cancer therapies.