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A systematic review of psychological functioning of children exposed to HIV: using evidence to plan for tomorrow's

Lorraine Sherr1, Natasha Croome, Katherine Parra Castaneda

  • 1Department of Infection and Population Health, University of College London (UCL) Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.

AIDS and Behavior
|April 15, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Children exposed to HIV in utero but born HIV-negative (HIV-affected) show developmental delays compared to unexposed children. This highlights the need for ongoing monitoring and support for these children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric HIV/AIDS
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV is crucial for eliminating pediatric HIV.
  • Understanding developmental outcomes for HIV-affected children (exposed in utero, born HIV-negative) is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review cognitive, developmental, and behavioral outcomes in HIV-affected children compared to unexposed, uninfected controls.
  • To identify potential developmental delays and patterns in this growing population.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 11 high-quality studies identified from 1,739 initial search results.
  • Analysis of cognitive, behavioral, and developmental data from 650 HIV-affected children, 736 controls, and 205 HIV-positive children.
  • Use of 15 standardized cognitive, behavioral, and developmental scales.

Main Results:

  • HIV-affected children scored significantly lower than controls on at least one measure in 7 out of 11 studies.
  • An emerging pattern of developmental delay is apparent in HIV-affected children.
  • Comparison data also included HIV-positive children.

Conclusions:

  • HIV-affected children demonstrate poorer cognitive and developmental outcomes compared to their unexposed peers.
  • There is an emerging pattern of developmental delay in children exposed to HIV in utero.
  • Continued monitoring and provision of developmental support are necessary for the increasing number of HIV-affected children.

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