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Related Concept Videos

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field01:22

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

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A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. Consider the field to be uniform and the charged particle to move perpendicular to it. If the field is in a vacuum, the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the motion. Since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, a charged particle follows a curved path. The particle continues to follow this curved path until it forms a complete circle. Another way to look at this is that the...
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Average Acceleration01:30

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The importance of understanding acceleration spans our day-to-day experiences, as well as the vast reaches of outer space and the tiny world of subatomic physics. In everyday conversation, to accelerate means to speed up. For instance, we are familiar with the acceleration of our car; the harder we apply our foot to the gas pedal, the faster we accelerate. The greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. Acceleration is widely seen in experimental physics. In...
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Electric Field of a Charged Disk01:23

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The simplest case of a surface charge distribution is the uniformly charged disk. Calculating its electric field also helps us calculate the electric field of a large plane of charge.
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Momentum And Radiation Pressure01:20

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An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container.
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A parallel-plate capacitor with capacitance C, whose plates have area A and separation distance d, is connected to a resistor R and a battery of voltage V. The current starts to flow at t = 0. What is the displacement current between the capacitor plates at time t? From the properties of the capacitor, what is the corresponding real current?
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For the first part of the...
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Imagine a bucket of water. It contains many molecules, of the order of 1026 molecules. Thus, although it contains discrete elements (molecules) at the microscopic level, macroscopically, it can be considered continuous. Small volume elements of water, infinitesimal compared to the bulk of the bucket's volume, still contain many molecules. Under this framework, quantized matter is approximated as continuous for practical purposes.
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A 100 KW Class Applied-field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster
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Charged-particle acceleration in braking plasma jets.

A V Artemyev1

  • 1Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|April 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Charged particles accelerate in space plasma via resonant interactions with a braking plasma jet front. This magnetic reconnection mechanism offers effective particle acceleration in astrophysical environments.

Area of Science:

  • Space Plasma Physics
  • Astrophysics
  • Particle Acceleration

Background:

  • Magnetic reconnection is a prevalent phenomenon in space plasmas.
  • Plasma jets generated by magnetic reconnection can exhibit complex dynamics.
  • Understanding particle acceleration mechanisms is crucial for astrophysical observations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of charged particle acceleration in space plasma systems.
  • To investigate particle interactions with sub-Alfvenic plasma jets.
  • To explore the role of magnetic reconnection in particle energization.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nonrelativistic particle interactions with a sub-Alfvenic plasma jet.
  • Modeling the formation and propagation of a sharp magnetic field front.

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  • Investigating resonant particle interactions and trapping dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • A sharp magnetic field front forms at the leading edge of the plasma jet.
    • Jet propagation in inhomogeneous plasma causes front braking.
    • Resonant interactions and synchronized reflections lead to stable particle trapping and acceleration along the front.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel mechanism for charged particle acceleration in space plasmas is described.
    • The described mechanism relies on resonant particle interactions with a braking plasma jet front.
    • This process is potentially significant due to the widespread occurrence of magnetic reconnection in the universe.