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Related Concept Videos

Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Frames01:30

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Frames are essential components of various mechanical and structural systems used daily. These structures are known for their stability and ability to bear heavy loads. A frame is constructed using two-force and multi-force members, interconnected using pin joints. In contrast, trusses are made entirely of two-force members.
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Some individuals interpret life events as a consequence of their personal choices and actions, while others believe that outcomes are dictated by fate or destiny. This divergence in perspective has been examined in psychological and cross-cultural studies, particularly in relation to religious faith and cultural beliefs about causality.Fate and Personal ResponsibilityPeople who emphasize personal responsibility view events as direct consequences of their decisions. For instance, breaking a leg...
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Frames: Problem Solving I01:24

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Consider a jib crane with an external load suspended from the pulley. The dimensions of the crane members are shown in the figure. A systematic analysis of the frame structure is required to determine the reaction forces at the pin joints, assuming that the pulleys are frictionless.
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Frames: Problem Solving II01:26

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Consider a hydraulic hoist supporting a load of 1 kN. Assuming a simplified schematic representation of this frame structure, the force acting on BD and BF members can be determined.
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Decision Making01:20

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task
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Framing Options as Choice or Opportunity: Does the Frame Influence Decisions?

Purva Abhyankar1, Barbara A Summers2, Galina Velikova3

  • 1Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK (PA)

Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making
|April 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Framing cancer trial decisions as an "opportunity" biases preferences against standard treatment. Presenting options as a "choice" and providing full information helps patients make unbiased decisions.

Keywords:
decision aidsframinginformed decision makingopt-in/opt-outpatient choicetrial participation

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Area of Science:

  • Decision science
  • Health psychology
  • Medical ethics

Background:

  • Informed patient decision-making is crucial for healthcare.
  • Framing effects can influence patient choices in medical contexts.
  • Understanding how decision frames impact cancer trial participation is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if framing a cancer treatment trial as an "opportunity" versus a "choice" biases patient preferences.
  • To determine if decision framing affects immediate preferences, information seeking, and final decisions regarding trial participation.

Main Methods:

  • 124 healthy women were randomly assigned to "opt-in opportunity," "opt-out opportunity," or "choice" frames for a hypothetical cancer trial.
  • Participants made an initial preference, reviewed balanced information, and made a final decision.
  • Post-task questionnaires assessed perceptions of risk, attitudes, and decision satisfaction.

Main Results:

  • Opportunity frames (opt-in and opt-out) biased preferences away from standard treatment compared to the choice frame.
  • The opt-out frame influenced perceived social norms, suggesting trial participation was endorsed.
  • Framing bias disappeared after participants reviewed detailed information in a decision aid.
  • No differences were found in information acquisition or final decisions across frames.
  • 16% of participants changed their initial preference after receiving full information.

Conclusions:

  • A "choice" frame, explicitly listing all options, is less likely to bias patient preferences.
  • Presenting comprehensive, option-by-attribute information can mitigate framing biases.
  • Tailoring information based on initial preferences is not recommended as preferences can change with more information.