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Thermalization of field driven quantum systems.

H Fotso1, K Mikelsons1, J K Freericks1

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Quantum systems exhibit five distinct behaviors when driven by a DC electric field, revealing richer dynamics than previously understood. Integrability in the absence of a field does not dictate thermalization outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Quantum systems typically do not thermalize due to unitary evolution.
  • The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis explains thermalization by assuming observables are constant within energy windows.
  • Integrable systems violate this hypothesis due to numerous conserved quantities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermalization behavior of quantum systems subjected to a DC electric field.
  • To identify and categorize the generic dynamic behaviors under such driving.
  • To compare these behaviors in the Hubbard and Falicov-Kimball models.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of quantum systems driven by a DC electric field.
  • Examination of the Hubbard and Falicov-Kimball models.
  • Classification of observed dynamic behaviors into five generic scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Five generic behaviors were identified: monotonic/oscillatory approach to infinite temperature, monotonic/oscillatory approach to a nonthermal steady state, and evolution to an oscillatory state.
  • Both the Hubbard and Falicov-Kimball models exhibited the first four scenarios.
  • Only the Hubbard model displayed the fifth oscillatory state behavior.
  • Integrability in the absence of a field was found to be irrelevant to these outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • DC electric field driving induces significantly richer thermalization dynamics in quantum systems than previously observed.
  • The presence or absence of integrability in the static system does not determine the observed dynamic behaviors under a DC field.
  • These findings challenge existing paradigms and offer new insights into quantum thermalization.