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Disseminated cryptococcosis.

Meenakshi Bothra1, Prakash Selvaperumal, Madhulika Kabra

  • 1Departments of Pediatrics and *Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Correspondence to: Dr Madhulika Kabra, Additional Professor, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. madhulikakabra@hotmail.com.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Fungal infections can cause prolonged fever in children. Lymph node biopsy is crucial for diagnosing disseminated fungal infections when other tests fail.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Fungal infections are rare causes of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in immunocompetent children.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for favorable outcomes.

Observation:

  • A case of a 5-year-old immunocompetent boy presenting with prolonged fever is detailed.
  • Diagnostic procedures included ultrasound-guided retroperitoneal lymph node biopsy.
  • Microscopic examination revealed granulomas and intracellular fungal yeasts, consistent with cryptococcosis.

Findings:

  • Disseminated fungal infection was diagnosed as the cause of FUO.
  • Treatment with amphotericin-B led to clinical and radiological improvement.
  • Lymph node biopsy proved vital for diagnosis when non-invasive methods were insufficient.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider disseminated fungal infections in pediatric FUO cases.
  • Invasive diagnostic procedures like biopsy may be necessary for definitive diagnosis.
  • Early identification and targeted antifungal therapy improve patient prognosis.