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Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
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Impairment in face processing in autism spectrum disorder: a developmental perspective.

Ellen Greimel1, Martin Schulte-Rüther, Inge Kamp-Becker

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Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show significant difficulties in face identity and emotion recognition. These face processing challenges appear to be developmentally delayed and persist into adulthood.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Cognitive psychology
  • Developmental psychology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social interaction and communication deficits.
  • Existing research on face processing in ASD yields inconsistent findings.
  • The developmental trajectory of face processing skills in ASD remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate face identity recognition (FR) and facial emotion identification (IFE) in adolescents and adults with high-functioning ASD.
  • To examine whether face processing deficits in ASD represent a developmentally delayed pattern.
  • To compare face processing skills across different age groups within the ASD and typically developing (TD) populations.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 38 adolescents and adults with high-functioning ASD (ages 13-49) and 37 age- and IQ-matched TD controls were recruited.
  • An additional group of 18 TD children (ages 8-12) served as a developmental comparison group.
  • Computerized tasks assessed face identity recognition and identification of facial emotions.

Main Results:

  • ASD participants demonstrated impaired performance on both FR and IFE tasks compared to TD adults.
  • Adolescents and adults with ASD performed similarly to TD children, suggesting a developmental delay.
  • No significant age-related performance changes were observed in adolescents and adults with ASD or TD controls.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with ASD exhibit broad and persistent impairments in face processing abilities.
  • These face processing deficits in ASD appear to follow a delayed developmental pattern, remaining stable from adolescence through adulthood.
  • Findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address face processing challenges in ASD across the lifespan.