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Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

3.9K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

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Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
1.9K
Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacokinetics01:11

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacokinetics

991
All neuromuscular blocking agents are injected intravenously because they are poorly absorbed from the GI tract. Rapid onset is achieved with intravenous administration, although absorption is also adequate from an intramuscular injection. Since these agents are highly ionized, they do not readily penetrate cell membranes or cross the blood-brain barrier.
Instead, they are transported by the blood to different tissues. Muscles with a greater blood supply (arteries) and blood flow receive more...
991
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

3.3K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
3.3K
Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR01:16

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR

888
Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a...
888
Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions01:27

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions

1.3K
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers prevent the membrane depolarization of muscle cells and inhibit muscle contraction. These are usually administered with anesthetics to achieve complete muscle relaxation. Upon administration, these drugs first block the small, rapidly contracting muscles of the face and hands, followed by the larger muscles of the trunk and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the last muscle to be affected.
Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...
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A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s
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Dense energetic nitraminofurazanes.

Dennis Fischer1, Thomas M Klapötke, Marius Reymann

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Energetic Materials Research, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München (Germany), Fax: (+49) 89-2180-77492.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New nitraminofurazanes exhibit powerful explosive performance but are more sensitive and less thermally stable than RDX. Their properties were thoroughly investigated, including energetic performance, sensitivity, and toxicity.

Keywords:
X-ray diffractionenergetic materialsfurazanesnitramines

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Area of Science:

  • Energetic Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Characterization

Background:

  • Furazane derivatives are nitrogen-rich compounds with potential as energetic materials.
  • Previous research has focused on synthesizing and characterizing various energetic compounds.
  • Understanding the performance, stability, and sensitivity of new energetic materials is crucial for their development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel nitraminofurazane compounds.
  • To evaluate the explosive performance, thermal stability, and sensitivity of these new materials.
  • To assess the ecotoxicity of the synthesized compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Nitration of furazane precursors using 100% nitric acid.
  • Characterization using X-ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and DSC.
  • Energetic performance calculations using the EXPLO5 code.
  • Sensitivity testing (impact, friction, electrostatic discharge) and ecotoxicity assays (Vibrio fischeri).

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of three dinitraminofurazanes and over 40 related nitrogen-rich compounds and metal salts.
  • New compounds demonstrated high explosive performance but lower thermal stability and higher sensitivity compared to RDX.
  • Calculated energetic performances supported the experimental findings.
  • Toxicity assays provided initial data on the environmental impact.

Conclusions:

  • Nitraminofurazanes represent a promising class of energetic materials with high performance.
  • Their sensitivity and thermal stability require careful consideration for safe handling and application.
  • Further research into structure-property relationships and safety aspects is warranted.