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Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

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Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
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Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

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Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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Types of Receptors: Internal Receptors01:07

Types of Receptors: Internal Receptors

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind intracellular receptors that reside within the cell cytoplasm or nucleus. Many mammalian steroid hormones and nitric oxide (NO) gas use this cell signaling mechanism.
Similar to membrane-bound receptors, the binding of a ligand to the intracellular receptor of causes a conformational change in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists
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Nuclear receptors rock around the clock.

Xuan Zhao1, Han Cho, Ruth T Yu

  • 1Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.

EMBO Reports
|April 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Circadian rhythms are vital for human health. Nuclear receptors interact with the body's internal clock, offering potential therapeutic targets for diseases linked to disrupted circadian rhythms.

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Reverse Yeast Two-hybrid System to Identify Mammalian Nuclear Receptor Residues that Interact with Ligands and/or Antagonists
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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms govern numerous physiological processes, including metabolism and behavior.
  • Disruptions to circadian rhythms are linked to diseases like cancer and metabolic disorders.
  • The molecular circadian clock involves transcription factors CLOCK, BMAL, PER, and CRY.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the role of nuclear receptors (NRs) in circadian clock mechanisms.
  • To explore the bidirectional regulation between NRs and the circadian clock.
  • To highlight NRs as potential therapeutic targets for circadian rhythm disruption-related pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent functional and mechanistic studies.
  • Analysis of the interplay between nuclear receptors and core clock components.
  • Synthesis of evidence implicating NRs in universal and adaptive circadian functions.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear receptors are implicated as key components in circadian clock mechanisms.
  • Evidence shows reciprocal regulation between the circadian clock and nuclear receptors.
  • NRs are involved in both fundamental and adaptable aspects of circadian timing.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear receptors play a crucial role in the mammalian circadian clock.
  • The interaction between NRs and the circadian clock offers novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting nuclear receptors may provide treatments for diseases associated with circadian disruption.