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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Targeted therapy in gastrointestinal malignancies.

Ravi Chhatrala1, Yasmin Thanavala2, Renuka Iyer3

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Journal of Carcinogenesis
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Targeted cancer therapies, guided by biomarkers, are revolutionizing oncology, especially for gastrointestinal malignancies. This review covers approved and investigational targeted agents impacting cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Advances in understanding cancer pathogenesis reveal molecular targets for novel therapies.
  • Biomarker-driven selection of targeted cancer therapy defines personalized medicine in oncology.
  • Targeted agents, particularly those inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, are increasingly approved for gastrointestinal malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize currently U.S.-approved targeted agents for gastrointestinal cancers.
  • To review other targeted agents under investigation for gastrointestinal cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of approved and investigational targeted agents.
  • Focus on agents targeting pathways in gastrointestinal cancer pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Nine targeted agents are currently approved in the U.S. for gastrointestinal cancers.
  • Several additional targeted agents are in various phases of clinical development.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted therapies represent a significant advancement in treating gastrointestinal malignancies.
  • Ongoing research continues to expand the armamentarium of targeted agents for personalized cancer care.