Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Integrating Mechanical and Biological Analysis in Tendinopathy Research
Published on: March 1, 2024
Acute partial passive stretching increases range of motion and muscle strength
A Mandroukas1, E Vamvakoudis, T Metaxas
1Laboratory of Ergophysiology-Ergometry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science Thessaloniki, Greece.
Aim:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of partial passive stretching (PPS) on peak torque (PT) and joint range of motion (ROM) in healthy subjects.
Methods:
Twenty-two males (mean age 20.4±1.0 yrs, height 181.1±4.2 cm and weight 75.8±6.8 kg) participated in the study. Quadriceps and hamstrings PT at different angular velocities was obtained on an isokinetic dynamometer. Standing leg method hop was tested for the stretched and unstretched leg. Each subject performed PPS for 20 seconds. The stretching procedure was repeated 5 times for each muscle group. The whole stretching program lasted for 6 minutes and 20 seconds followed by 5 seconds resting period.
Results:
Directly after the stretching procedure significant increases were observed of PT in quadriceps and hamstrings, however, only at 300o.s⁻¹ (P<0.05). Joint ROM was increased in all subjects (P<0.05). The distance in single length hop was increased significantly in the stretched leg following stretching (P<0.05). No changes were observed in the unstretched leg.
Conclusion:
Our results indicated that the PPS altered ROM, maximal concentric isokinetic strength at high angle velocities and single length hop only for the stretched leg. These findings suggest that PPS may be an effective technique for enhancing muscle performance.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open....
Exercise and Muscle Performance
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Somatic Spinal Reflexes
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
Isotonic and Isometric Muscle Contractions
Isotonic contractions
Isotonic contractions occur when a muscle changes length while...
Motor Unit Stimulation
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
Muscle Stimulation Frequency
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...

