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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

1.2K
Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
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Noninvasive Electrocardiography in the Perinatal Mouse
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Perinatal arrhythmias.

Nicole Sekarski1, Erik Jan Meijboom, Stefano Di Bernardo

  • 1Cardiology Division, Pediatrics Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Route du Bugnon 46, Bureau BH11/632, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|April 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac arrhythmias are common in fetuses and newborns, often resolving spontaneously or with brief treatment. Accurate diagnosis through echocardiography and electrocardiogram is crucial for managing the rare, potentially serious cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Fetal Medicine
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Cardiac arrhythmias are frequently observed in fetal and neonatal populations.
  • The prognosis of fetal and neonatal arrhythmias varies, with many cases being benign or resolving with minimal intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis in managing fetal and neonatal arrhythmias.
  • To outline diagnostic approaches and therapeutic considerations for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on fetal echocardiography and, postnatally, on patient history, physical examination, and electrocardiography.
  • Additional modalities are utilized for transient arrhythmic events.

Main Results:

  • Most irregular heart rhythms in fetuses and infants are benign and seldom require treatment.
  • Tachyarrhythmias typically resolve spontaneously or with short-term antiarrhythmic medication.
  • A significant minority (one-third) of arrhythmias may recur later in life, particularly in adolescence.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac arrhythmias are prevalent in fetuses and infants, with a predominantly benign course.
  • Correct diagnosis, supported by clinical evaluation and electrophysiological recording, is vital for identifying and managing the rare, potentially harmful arrhythmias.