Massive pericardial effusion associated with hypothyroidism

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Geriatrics
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Hypothyroidism diagnosis in adults, particularly the elderly, is often delayed due to insidious onset and nonspecific symptoms.
• Advanced age can be a trigger for autoimmune diseases, including hypothyroidism.
• Subtle clinical features like fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance can be easily overlooked.

Observation:

• This case report details a typical case of primary autoimmune hypothyroidism in an elderly woman.
• The patient presented with severe myxedema affecting internal organs.
• Clinical manifestations included subtle signs often missed in routine examinations.

Findings:

• Thyroid dysfunction significantly impacts the cardiovascular system, with effusions being common.
• Treatment with thyroid replacement therapy led to euthyroidism.
• Restoration of euthyroidism correlated with clinical improvement, including cardiovascular and neurological status.

Implications:

• Early diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism are crucial, especially in the elderly.
• Thyroid hormone replacement therapy can reverse severe clinical manifestations, including pericardial effusion.
• This case underscores the importance of recognizing subtle signs of hypothyroidism in geriatric patients to prevent severe complications.