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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Targeted immunotherapies in systemic sclerosis.

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Biologic therapies show promise for treating systemic sclerosis (SSc) by targeting immune system pathways involved in fibrosis. This review examines existing animal and human data on these immunotherapies for SSc treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Fibrosis Research

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease marked by microvascular issues, immune dysregulation, and excessive connective tissue fibrosis.
  • Genetic research highlights the significant autoimmune component of SSc.
  • Biologic therapies, targeting immune molecules like cytokines and B cells, are effective in other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and safety of biologic therapies for systemic sclerosis.
  • To analyze existing data from animal models and human studies on targeted immunotherapies in SSc.
  • To explore the potential of biologics in managing SSc-related fibrosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical (animal models) and clinical (human) studies.
  • Analysis of data on biologic therapies targeting immune system components implicated in fibrosis.
  • Focus on therapies developed for autoimmune rheumatic diseases and their application to SSc.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary data suggest potential efficacy and safety of targeted immunotherapies in SSc.
  • Some targeted molecules are known to influence fibrosis in experimental settings.
  • Existing research provides a foundation for evaluating biotherapies in SSc.

Conclusions:

  • Biologic therapies represent a potential alternative treatment for systemic sclerosis.
  • Further investigation into targeted immunotherapies is warranted for SSc management.
  • Understanding the role of immune pathways in SSc fibrosis is crucial for treatment development.