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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

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Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Oral01:14

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Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
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Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C...
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Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

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Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Body temperature in early postpartum dairy cows.

O Burfeind1, V S Suthar1, R Voigtsberger1

  • 1Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Theriogenology
|April 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postpartum dairy cow body temperature (BT) is influenced by factors like age, calving season, and health status. These variables must be considered when interpreting BT for disease diagnosis, as it alone is insufficient for antibiotic treatment decisions.

Keywords:
CalvingFresh cow protocolHeiferMonitoringRisk factorSubclinical ketosis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Science
  • Dairy Production

Background:

  • Postpartum health monitoring in dairy cows commonly includes body temperature (BT) measurements.
  • High incidence of elevated temperatures (≥39.5°C) in healthy cows within the first 10 days in milk (DIM) is documented.
  • Diagnostic performance data for BT in identifying infectious diseases like metritis and mastitis are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors associated with body temperature (BT) in postpartum dairy cows.
  • To inform the interpretation of BT measurements in fresh cow health monitoring protocols.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 251 cows on a commercial dairy farm.
  • Vaginal temperature loggers used in 217 cows from DIM 2-10, recording temperature every 10 minutes.
  • Rectal temperature measured twice daily; clinical examinations conducted on DIM 2, 5, and 10.

Main Results:

  • Primiparous cows exhibited higher BT (0.2°C) than multiparous cows.
  • Calving season and abnormal calving conditions (assisted calving, retained placenta, twins) influenced BT, particularly in multiparous cows.
  • Abnormal vaginal discharge increased BT in both primiparous and multiparous cows; hyperketonemia elevated BT only in primiparous cows.

Conclusions:

  • Body temperature in postpartum dairy cows is significantly influenced by parity, calving season, calving conditions, vaginal discharge, and hyperketonemia.
  • These influencing factors must be considered when interpreting BT measurements to avoid diagnostic errors (Type I and II).
  • BT should not be the sole criterion for antibiotic treatment decisions; further research on combined diagnostic parameters is needed.