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Thyroglobulin measurement using highly sensitive assays in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a clinical
Luca Giovanella1, Penelope M Clark2, Luca Chiovato2
1Department of Nuclear MedicinePET Centre and Thyroid Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, SwitzerlandClinical Laboratory ServicesQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri IRCCS, University of Pavia Hospital, 27100 Pavia, ItalyEndocrine UnitEvgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, GreeceDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of EndocrinologyRigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nuclear MedicinePitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceDepartment of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDivision of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDivision of Specific EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Nuclear Medicine - Radioisotopic Therapy and Endocrinology UnitInstituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, ItalySelf-Help Organization of Thyroid Cancer Patients 'Ohne Schilddrüse leben e.V.'Berlin, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyUniversity Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Nuclear MedicineRWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany luca.giovanella@eoc.ch.
Abstract:
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine cancer and its incidence has increased in recent decades. Initial treatment usually consists of total thyroidectomy followed by ablation of thyroid remnants by iodine-131. As thyroid cells are assumed to be the only source of thyroglobulin (Tg) in the human body, circulating Tg serves as a biochemical marker of persistent or recurrent disease in DTC follow-up. Currently, standard follow-up for DTC comprises Tg measurement and neck ultrasound combined, when indicated, with an additional radioiodine scan. Measurement of Tg after stimulation by endogenous or exogenous TSH is recommended by current clinical guidelines to detect occult disease with a maximum sensitivity due to the suboptimal sensitivity of older Tg assays. However, the development of new highly sensitive Tg assays with improved analytical sensitivity and precision at low concentrations now allows detection of very low Tg concentrations reflecting minimal amounts of thyroid tissue without the need for TSH stimulation. Use of these highly sensitive Tg assays has not yet been incorporated into clinical guidelines but they will, we believe, be used by physicians caring for patients with DTC. The aim of this clinical position paper is, therefore, to offer advice on the various aspects and implications of using these highly sensitive Tg assays in the clinical care of patients with DTC.
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