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Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...

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Updated: May 1, 2026

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application

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Published on: March 8, 2019

Nitric oxide release from polydimethylsiloxane-based polyurethanes.

Evelyne B Nguyen¹, Peter Zilla, Deon Bezuidenhout

¹Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town - South Africa.

Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials

|April 19, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Polymeric materials releasing nitric oxide (NO) can prevent blood clots in medical devices. Modifying polyurethane with polydimethylsiloxane enhanced NO release capacity, offering a promising strategy for improved hemocompatibility.

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Last Updated: May 1, 2026

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Medical Device Engineering

Background:

Localized nitric oxide (NO) release from polymeric materials is crucial for preventing coagulation in blood-contacting devices.
Polyurethane (PU) films incorporating polyethyleneimine were investigated for in situ NO generation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a method for in situ formation of diazeniumdiolates (NONOates) in PU films for controlled NO release.
To evaluate the effect of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) content on NO release capacity and kinetics.
To assess the mechanical properties and long-term NO release rates of the modified PU films.

Main Methods:

Polyurethane films with varying PDMS content were synthesized and exposed to NO gas for in situ NONOate formation.
Mechanical properties of the films were characterized before and after NO gas exposure.
Nitric oxide release rates and kinetics were measured over time using established assays.
Release kinetics were modeled using the modified Korsemeyer-Peppas power law.

Main Results:

Incorporation of polyethyleneimine and NO gas exposure did not compromise the mechanical properties of the PU films.
Increasing PDMS content in the PU soft segment significantly increased NO release capacity, more than doubling it with 100% PDMS.
NO release rates exceeded levels of quiescent endothelial cells for 5-10 days and stimulated endothelium levels for 24 hours.
Release kinetics followed a modified Korsemeyer-Peppas power law (R²=0.95-0.99).

Conclusions:

In situ diazeniumdiolation of PU films offers a promising approach to generate localized nitric oxide for preventing device-associated coagulation.
The PDMS content in PU is a critical factor for tuning NO release capacity, with higher content leading to greater capacity.
This method avoids premature NO release during processing and storage, ensuring NO availability closer to the time of implantation.