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Related Concept Videos

Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation01:28

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The Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation is a cornerstone of physical chemistry, providing a method to determine the molar conductance (Λm) and molar conductance at infinite dilution (Λ°m) for uni-univalent electrolytes.Uni-univalent electrolytes are electrolytes that dissociate in solution to produce one cation with a +1 charge and one anion with a –1 charge per formula unit.This equation addresses two crucial phenomena: the asymmetry effect and the electrophoretic effect.
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Consider an external electric field propagating through a homogeneous medium. When the electric field crosses the surface boundary of the medium, it undergoes a discontinuity. The electric field can be resolved into normal and tangential components. The amount by which the field changes at any boundary is given by the difference between the field components above and below the surface boundary.
The surface integral of an electric field is given by Gauss's law in integral form and is related to...
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Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
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Ultimate permeation across atomically thin porous graphene.

Kemal Celebi1, Jakob Buchheim, Roman M Wyss

  • 1Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.

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Ultrathin porous graphene membranes offer superior permeation for chemical separations. These two-dimensional (2D) membranes exhibit highly efficient mass transfer for gases and liquids due to their atomic thickness and precisely engineered pores.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer unique properties for membrane applications.
  • Graphene's mechanical strength and chemical stability make it a promising material for membranes.
  • Precisely engineered pores are crucial for efficient mass transport in 2D membranes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate mass transfer through physically perforated double-layer graphene membranes.
  • To demonstrate the potential of 2D porous graphene for highly efficient chemical separations.
  • To explore the relationship between pore characteristics and permeance in graphene membranes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of double-layer graphene membranes with millions of precisely controlled pores.
  • Characterization of pore size distribution (10 nm to 1 micrometer).
  • Measurement of gas, liquid, and water vapor transport rates across the membranes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved highly efficient mass transfer across perforated double-layer graphene.
  • Observed transport rates consistent with two-dimensional (2D) transport theories.
  • Demonstrated permeances significantly exceeding those of finite-thickness membranes.

Conclusions:

  • Atomic thickness of porous graphene enables ultimate permeation.
  • Physically perforated double-layer graphene serves as an ideal membrane for efficient separations.
  • These 2D membranes represent a significant advancement in separation technology.