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Related Concept Videos

Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
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Proteins are involved in several cellular processes and biochemical reactions. Analyzing a specific protein of interest requires it to be isolated from the other proteins in the cell. This is achieved by overexpressing the specific gene in a suitable host to produce large quantities of the target protein. A tag or label is recombined with the gene to produce a fusion protein containing the target protein and the tag. The tags on these fusion proteins can then be used for easy detection and...
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DNA isolation protocols can be fast and straightforward or complex and time-consuming depending on the type and quality of DNA required for further processing. For example, plasmid DNA extraction is a bit more complicated than genomic DNA extraction because of the need for an appropriate lysis method to separate plasmid DNA from gDNA during isolation. However, for specific applications, such as long-range DNA sequencing that require a good yield of high- quality DNA samples, we need to follow...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
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Simple and easy DNA mapping method using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) tagging.

J Kim, J H Park, S Lee

    Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
    |April 22, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents a simple DNA mapping technique using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and glass slides for optical detection. This method accurately tags and visualizes specific DNA sequences, enabling precise genetic mapping.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Biophysics
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Accurate DNA mapping is crucial for genetic research and diagnostics.
    • Existing DNA mapping methods can be complex and require multiple reagents.
    • Developing simple, efficient, and cost-effective DNA mapping techniques is an ongoing challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a straightforward DNA mapping method utilizing peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and glass cover-slips.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of optical detection for visualizing tagged DNA sequences.
    • To establish a robust method for tagging and stretching DNA for high-resolution analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes conjugated with Alexa-488 fluorophore were designed to bind specific sequences on lambda DNA.
    • Glass cover-slips with an electrical layer were used to stretch the DNA molecules.
    • Optical detection was employed to visualize the PNA-tagged DNA segments.

    Main Results:

    • The PNA successfully invaded and tagged specific target sequences (AAGAAGAA) on lambda DNA.
    • Stretched lambda DNA achieved a length of 9.2 um, approximately 60% of its theoretical length, ensuring sufficient optical resolution.
    • The tagged sites on the stretched DNA were clearly detected, validating the method's accuracy.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed PNA-based method offers a simple and effective approach for DNA mapping.
    • This technique allows for precise tagging and visualization of specific DNA sequences using optical detection.
    • The method holds potential for various applications in genetic analysis and molecular diagnostics.