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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
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A cure for HIV: is it in sight?

Matthew Pace1, John Frater

  • 1Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
|April 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are exploring HIV cure strategies, as current antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not a cure. Evaluating HIV eradication involves treatment interruption, but carries potential risks.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) manages Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) but requires lifelong treatment.
  • ART does not eliminate the virus, necessitating research into a definitive HIV cure.
  • Recent cases of apparent HIV eradication fuel the pursuit of scalable and safe cure strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare current major approaches and recent advances in HIV cure research.
  • To discuss methods for evaluating the success of an HIV cure.
  • To address safety concerns associated with HIV cure strategies, particularly treatment interruption.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of existing and emerging HIV cure strategies.
  • Review of techniques for measuring the HIV reservoir, a key barrier to cure.
Keywords:
HIVcurefunctionalkick and killsterilising

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  • Examination of the risks and benefits of analytical treatment interruption (ATI) as a cure endpoint.

    • Main Results:

    • No universally scalable and safe HIV cure strategy has been identified to date.
    • Measuring the HIV reservoir remains challenging, complicating cure assessment.
    • Analytical treatment interruption (ATI) is currently the most definitive test for HIV cure but poses risks.

    Conclusions:

    • The development of a definitive HIV cure remains a significant scientific challenge.
    • Accurate measurement of the HIV reservoir and safe evaluation methods are critical.
    • Further research is needed to balance the pursuit of an HIV cure with patient safety.