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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
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Whole Body Regeneration01:33

Whole Body Regeneration

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Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential;...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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A progressive approach to neck rejuvenation.

Mark M Beaty1

  • 1Beaty Facial Plastic Surgery, 2365 Old Milton Parkway, Suite 400, Alpharetta, GA 30009, USA.

Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America
|April 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a progressive approach for neck and facial rejuvenation, focusing on natural-looking results through tailored surgical techniques. This method enhances patient satisfaction by addressing aging changes comprehensively.

Keywords:
FaceliftFacelift evaluationIndividualized careNatural resultsNeckliftRhytidectomySMASSurgical technique

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Aesthetic Medicine
  • Facial Anatomy

Background:

  • Aging leads to common changes in the lower face and neck.
  • Existing rejuvenation methods may lack customization.
  • Patient satisfaction is a key outcome in aesthetic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a comprehensive, progressive approach for neck and facial rejuvenation.
  • To achieve natural-looking surgical outcomes.
  • To enhance patient satisfaction through tailored treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive evaluation of aging changes in the lower face and neck.
  • Progressive selection and adjustment of surgical techniques.
  • Continuous assessment throughout the surgical process.

Main Results:

  • Surgical results are natural in appearance.
  • The progressive method allows for optimal, individualized outcomes.
  • Improved patient satisfaction is observed.

Conclusions:

  • The progressive approach offers a superior method for neck and facial rejuvenation.
  • Mastery of diverse techniques and adaptive judgment lead to better results.
  • This approach balances surgical complexity with enhanced patient outcomes.