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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

953
α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
953
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

25
Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose...
25
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli
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Glycaemic control: a balancing act or a different approach?

Stephen Fava1

  • 1Diabetes & Endocrine Centre, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida MSD2090, Malta. stephen.fava@um.edu.mt.

Current Diabetes Reviews
|April 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Achieving tight glycaemic control in diabetes is crucial but poses risks like hypoglycaemia. Newer medications may offer a safer way to manage blood sugar and prevent serious complications.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Global rise in diabetes prevalence necessitates effective management strategies.
  • Tight glycaemic control reduces diabetes complications but carries risks.
  • Poor glycaemic control is linked to cognitive, memory, and mood issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the benefits of tight glycaemic control.
  • To review the significant risks associated with hypoglycaemia.
  • To explore newer anti-hyperglycaemic agents for safer diabetes management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of landmark trials on glycaemic control.
  • Analysis of risks associated with hypoglycaemia.
  • Discussion of newer anti-hyperglycaemic agents and their safety profiles.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli
08:01

A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli

Published on: August 12, 2016

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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

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A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
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Main Results:

  • Tight glycaemic control is beneficial but conventional methods increase hypoglycaemia risk.
  • Hypoglycaemia is linked to cognitive impairment, falls, cardiovascular events, and mortality.
  • Newer agents may enable good glycaemic control with reduced hypoglycaemia risk.

Conclusions:

  • A balance is needed between optimal glycaemic control and avoiding hypoglycaemia.
  • Newer anti-hyperglycaemic agents show promise in mitigating hypoglycaemia risks.
  • Special populations at high risk for hypoglycaemia or its consequences require careful consideration.