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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

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Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

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Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling q3DISM of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease
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Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling q3DISM of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease

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Is Alzheimer's disease a systemic disease?

Jill K Morris1, Robyn A Honea1, Eric D Vidoni1

  • 1The University of Kansas Department of Neurology, University of Kansas, Alzheimer's Disease Center, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|April 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is multifactorial, involving both brain and body systems, particularly energy metabolism. Understanding these complex interactions is key to developing new therapies for this common neurodegenerative disease.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseExerciseMetabolismMitochondriaPhysical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, yet its precise causes remain incompletely understood.
  • While genetic factors contribute to AD risk, a significant portion of late-onset cases lack clear genetic explanations.
  • The association of AD with various systemic conditions suggests a multifactorial etiology impacting both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking peripheral processes to Alzheimer's disease risk.
  • To examine how Alzheimer's disease influences systemic changes throughout the body.
  • To discuss the roles of genetics, mitochondrial function, and vascular mechanisms in mediating AD's central and peripheral effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the interplay between systemic health and neurodegeneration.
  • Exploration of genetic, mitochondrial, and vascular pathways implicated in AD.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral processes, especially those involving energy metabolism, are increasingly recognized as contributors to AD risk.
  • Alzheimer's disease can induce significant alterations in whole-body physiological functions.
  • Genetics, mitochondrial dysfunction, and vascular health are critical factors mediating AD's complex manifestations.

Conclusions:

  • Alzheimer's disease dementia likely results from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental/systemic risk factors, rather than a single cause.
  • Viewing AD as a multifactorial disease with both central and peripheral components is essential for therapeutic development.
  • Further research into the interconnected pathways influencing AD risk is crucial for creating effective disease-modifying treatments.