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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

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Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in...
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SN2 Reaction: Stereochemistry02:23

SN2 Reaction: Stereochemistry

9.8K
In an SN2 reaction, the nucleophilic attack on the substrate and departure of the leaving group occurs simultaneously through a transition state. As the nucleophile approaches the substrate from the back-side, the configuration of the substrate carbon changes from tetrahedral to trigonal bipyramidal and then back to tetrahedral, leading to an inversion in the configuration of the product.
If the substrate is an achiral molecule at the α-carbon, the inversion of configuration is not...
9.8K
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

2.2K
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
2.2K
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration02:36

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

7.8K
A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn...
7.8K
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

4.0K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
4.0K

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In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
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Stoichiometry-driven switching between surface reconstructions on SrTiO3(001).

Stefan Gerhold1, Zhiming Wang1, Michael Schmid1

  • 1Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Austria.

Surface Science
|April 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Controlling the surface structure of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) perovskites is challenging. Surface stoichiometry dictates atomic structure, reversibly switching between reconstructions with controlled vapor deposition and annealing.

Keywords:
Low energy electron diffractionLow energy ion scatteringScanning tunneling microscopyStrontium titanateSurface stoichiometryX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures
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Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Solid State Chemistry

Background:

  • Controlling atomic-scale surface structure is difficult for transition metal oxides, particularly ternary perovskites.
  • Surface stoichiometry significantly impacts the atomic arrangement and properties of oxide surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of surface stoichiometry on the atomic structure of the SrTiO3(001) surface.
  • To understand the reversible switching between different surface reconstructions.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
  • Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED)
  • Low-energy He+ ion scattering (LEIS)
  • X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

Main Results:

  • Controlled vapor deposition of Sr and Ti, followed by annealing in O2, reversibly switches the SrTiO3(001) surface between c(4x2) and (2x2) reconstructions.
  • LEIS and XPS revealed distinct surface stoichiometries confined to the topmost atomic layer.
  • The observed reconstructions are directly linked to variations in surface composition.

Conclusions:

  • Surface stoichiometry is a critical factor in determining the atomic structure and reconstructions of SrTiO3(001).
  • Geometric models must incorporate the compositionally distinct surface layers for accurate representation.
  • This work provides a pathway for controlled surface engineering of perovskite materials.