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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Intraspinal Cell Transplantation for Targeting Cervical Ventral Horn in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
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Cryptococcal meningitis post autologous stem cell transplantation.

S Chaaban1, L J Wheat, M Assi

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, Kansas, USA.

Transplant Infectious Disease : an Official Journal of the Transplantation Society
|April 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case highlights early Cryptococcus meningitis in a stem cell transplant (SCT) patient despite fluconazole prophylaxis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for survival in these high-risk opportunistic infections.

Keywords:
Cryptococcusautologous stem cell transplantmeningitisnon-Hodgkins lymphoma

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Disseminated Cryptococcus disease typically affects individuals with compromised T-cell immunity.
  • Cryptococcal meningitis post-autologous stem cell transplant (SCT) is rare, with only one prior reported case occurring months after transplant and without antifungal prophylaxis.

Observation:

  • A 41-year-old man with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developed fever and headache on day 9 post-autologous SCT, while on fluconazole prophylaxis.
  • Brain MRI revealed meningoencephalitis, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis confirmed Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis with a positive cryptococcal antigen and culture.
  • The patient presented with a low white blood cell count (700/μL) and signs of central nervous system infection.

Findings:

  • This is the first reported case of Cryptococcus meningitis occurring pre-engraftment after autologous SCT despite continuous fluconazole prophylaxis.
  • Literature review identified 9 cases of cryptococcal disease in SCT recipients, with a median onset of 64 days post-transplant; only 3 were meningitis cases, 2 post-allogeneic SCT.
  • The patient successfully responded to treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine, followed by fluconazole, achieving CSF sterilization.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the need for a high index of suspicion for opportunistic infections like Cryptococcus meningitis in immunosuppressed patients, even with adequate prophylaxis.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy, such as amphotericin B, are critical for improving outcomes and potentially saving lives in SCT recipients.
  • Current recommendations for fungal prophylaxis with fluconazole post-autologous SCT should be considered, especially through engraftment and potentially longer for high-risk individuals.