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Disorders of Leukocytes

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...

Structure and Function of Leukocytes

Structure and Function of Leukocytes

An adult in good health typically has between 4,500 and 11,000 leukocytes, or white blood cells, per microliter of blood, which constitutes about 1% of the total blood volume. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells contain a nucleus and other cellular organelles but do not have hemoglobin. Most white blood cells reside in connective tissues, particularly in lymphatic organs such as the lymph nodes, with only a small fraction present in circulating blood.
White blood cells protect the body...

Classification of Leukocytes

Classification of Leukocytes

Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...

Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase

Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Assessment of the Metabolic Profile of Primary Leukemia Cells

Published on: November 21, 2018

Leukocytosis.

D S Chabot-Richards¹, T I George

¹Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.

International Journal of Laboratory Hematology

|April 23, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Increased white blood cell count (leukocytosis) requires careful evaluation. Morphologic review of blood smears helps differentiate reactive conditions from serious neoplasms like leukemia, guiding necessary further testing.

Keywords:

Leukocytosis lymphocytosis lymphoma morphology neutrophilia

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Area of Science:

Hematology
Clinical Pathology
Laboratory Medicine

Background:

Leukocytosis, an elevated white blood cell count, is a frequent laboratory result.
Interpreting leukocytosis necessitates examining specific cell lineages and morphology.
Peripheral blood smear review is crucial for guiding diagnostic pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a structured approach for evaluating leukocytosis.
To differentiate reactive leukocytosis from neoplastic processes.
To guide appropriate further investigations based on cell morphology.

Main Methods:

Review of peripheral blood smears to assess cell morphology.
Classification of lymphocytosis into polymorphic and monomorphic types.
Identification of myeloid cell populations and their morphology.

Main Results:

Polymorphic lymphocytosis suggests reactive conditions.
Monomorphic lymphocytosis raises concern for lymphoproliferative neoplasms.
Morphologic findings in myeloid leukocytosis aid in distinguishing reactive from malignant causes.

Conclusions:

Morphologic assessment of peripheral blood smears is essential for evaluating leukocytosis.
Specific patterns of lymphocytosis and myeloid cells guide differential diagnoses.
This approach optimizes the workup for patients with elevated white blood cell counts.