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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
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Overview of Flail Chest
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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
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Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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Functional Classification of Joints
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Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
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Reflections on acromio-clavicular dislocations.

A Sarmiento1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic and Rehabilitation University of Miami, Florida, USA.

Acta Chirurgiae Orthopaedicae Et Traumatologiae Cechoslovaca
|April 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accepting acromio-clavicular (AC) joint dislocation, a common traumatic injury, often leads to good functional and aesthetic outcomes. Surgical intervention may not always be necessary for this condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Acromio-clavicular (AC) joint dislocation is a common traumatic injury.
  • Current treatment approaches lack consensus on optimal methods for achieving consistent good results.
  • Treatment decisions are influenced by the degree of clavicular displacement and the risk of cosmetic complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of non-operative management for AC joint dislocations.
  • To question the necessity of surgical reconstruction for AC joint dislocations.
  • To explore the outcomes of accepting AC joint dislocation as a viable treatment option.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on AC joint dislocation treatments.
  • Clinical observation and assessment of patients with AC joint dislocations managed non-operatively.
  • Analysis of functional and aesthetic outcomes in patients treated with "skilful neglect".

Main Results:

  • The majority of patients with accepted AC joint dislocations experience favorable functional and aesthetic results.
  • Chronic pain is a rare complication following non-operative management.
  • Cosmetic deformities are uncommon in patients who do not undergo reconstructive surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Non-operative management, or "skilful neglect," is a viable and often successful approach for AC joint dislocations.
  • The need for reconstructive surgery in AC joint dislocations warrants critical evaluation given the positive outcomes of non-operative care.
  • Patient outcomes, both functional and aesthetic, are frequently satisfactory without surgical intervention.