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Updated: May 1, 2026
A Precision Medicine Tool for Measurement and Monitoring of Hemoglobin S in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy
Degrees of kidney disease in nigerian adults with sickle-cell disease
John C Aneke1, Adegbola O Adegoke, Anthony A Oyekunle
1Department of Haematology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria.
Insights
Adult Nigerian patients with sickle-cell disease (SCD) frequently develop chronic kidney disease (CKD). Early monitoring and intervention are crucial to prevent advanced kidney damage in SCD patients.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Hematology
- Public Health
Background:
- Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder with significant systemic complications.
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a known, yet understudied, complication in adult SCD patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the prevalence and stages of CKD in adult Nigerian patients with SCD.
- To utilize creatinine clearance as a key metric for evaluating kidney function.
Main Methods:
- Prospective investigation of 100 adult SCD patients (79 HbSS, 21 HbSC) and 50 controls.
- Measurement of 24-hour urine creatinine clearance and serum creatinine.
- Categorization of CKD stages based on established creatinine clearance criteria.
Main Results:
- A significant proportion of SCD patients exhibited varying stages of CKD (Stages 1-4).
- Proteinuria was observed in 20% of HbSS patients.
- CKD prevalence was comparable across different age groups and SCD genotypes (HbSS vs. HbSC).
Conclusions:
- Adult Nigerian patients with SCD demonstrate a high burden of chronic kidney disease.
- Proactive patient follow-up and therapeutic interventions are essential to mitigate progression to end-stage renal disease.
Objective:
To study degrees of chronic kidney disease (CKD) using creatinine clearance in adult Nigerian patients with sickle-cell disease (SCD).
Methods:
One hundred SCD patients, made up of 79 HbSS (homozygous haemoglobin S) patients and 21 HbSC (heterozygous haemoglobins S and C) patients, were investigated prospectively, along with 50 normal controls. Their sociodemographic data, weight and drug history were documented. Each participant underwent dipstick urinalysis, and creatinine clearance was calculated following a 24-hour urine collection and serum creatinine measurement. They were categorized into stages of CKD based on the creatinine clearance.
Results:
Of the 79 HbSS patients, 14 (18%), 28 (35%), 33 (42%) and 4 (5%) had stage 1, 2, 3 and 4 CKD, respectively. In the HbSC group, 3 (14%), 9 (43%) and 9 (43%) patients had stage 1, 2 and 3 CKD, respectively. Proteinuria was noted in 16 (20%) HbSS patients but not in any of the HbSC patients. Of the subjects aged ≤24 years (n = 49), 9 (18%), 18 (37%), 21 (43%) and 1 (2%) had stage 1, 2, 3 and 4 CKD, respectively. Of those aged >24 years (n = 51), 8 (16%), 19 (37%), 21 (41%) and 3 (6%) had stage 1, 2, 3 and 4 CKD, respectively. None of the subjects had stage 5 CKD.
Conclusion:
In this study, the adult subjects with SCD had various degrees of CKD. Adequate follow-up and active intervention are advocated to delay the onset of end-stage nephropathy.
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