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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

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Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
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Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
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Updated: May 1, 2026

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
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Time for a neonatal-specific consensus definition for sepsis.

James L Wynn1, Hector R Wong, Thomas P Shanley

  • 11Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. 2Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH. 3Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. 4Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. 5Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. 6Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. 7Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies
|April 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric sepsis criteria are not accurate for term neonates. Specific consensus definitions for both term and preterm neonates are needed for accurate diagnosis and research in neonatal sepsis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Critical Care
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
  • Current definitions of neonatal sepsis lack standardization, complicating research and clinical practice.
  • Existing pediatric sepsis criteria are not validated for term neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of the pediatric consensus definition of sepsis in term neonates.
  • To identify the definitions of neonatal sepsis currently in use.
  • To highlight the need for specific neonatal sepsis definitions.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review of pediatric literature was conducted.
  • The focus was on studies relevant to the accuracy of sepsis definitions in neonates.
  • Analysis of existing definitions and their applicability to neonatal populations.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal sepsis is defined inconsistently using various clinical and laboratory markers.
  • Pediatric sepsis criteria demonstrate poor accuracy in term neonates.
  • The accuracy of pediatric criteria in preterm neonates has not been assessed.

Conclusions:

  • Variability in defining neonatal sepsis hinders research and epidemiological studies.
  • Development of specific consensus definitions for term and preterm neonates is crucial.
  • Standardized definitions are essential for accurate clinical trials, training, and research interpretation.