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Related Concept Videos

Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Geomagnetic Field Gmf and Plant Evolution: Investigating the Effects of Gmf Reversal on Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Gene Expression
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Is gene flow the most important evolutionary force in plants?

Norman C Ellstrand1

  • 1Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0124 USA.

American Journal of Botany
|April 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Gene flow in plants, while historically underestimated, is now recognized as a significant evolutionary force. Its variable rates are crucial for genetic diversity, adaptation, and conservation efforts.

Keywords:
biological species conceptconservationdispersalgene flowhybridizationimmigrationlocal adaptationmigrationpopulation geneticstransgenes

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Genetics

Background:

  • Gene flow's evolutionary significance was historically underestimated.
  • Its role as an evolutionary force has been debated for decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of gene flow in plant evolution.
  • To highlight the variability and significance of plant gene flow rates.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of theoretical models and empirical data on plant gene flow.
  • Review of new genomic techniques for studying gene flow.

Main Results:

  • Plant gene flow rates vary widely (nil to high) depending on species and populations.
  • Measured gene flow is often evolutionarily significant, counteracting drift and selection.
  • Gene flow can act as a cohesive force, uniting species and evolving under selection.

Conclusions:

  • Plant gene flow is a frequent, variable, and evolutionarily significant force.
  • Understanding gene flow is critical for applied issues like conservation and managing engineered genes.
  • Genomic techniques provide new insights into gene flow's role in plant evolution.