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State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
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Imaging the fetal central nervous system.

B De Keersmaecker1, F Claus2, L De Catte3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, University Hospital Leuven, Belgium ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium.

Facts, Views & Vision in Obgyn
|April 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Prenatal ultrasound and MRI enhance the detection of fetal central nervous system anomalies. Systematic screening guidelines improve diagnosis and referral for better patient care.

Keywords:
brain malformationcentral nervous systemfetal imagingprenatal MRI

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Fetal Medicine
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Fetal central nervous system (CNS) anomalies are infrequently encountered, limiting obstetrician experience with prenatal diagnosis.
  • Standardized screening protocols for fetal brain ultrasound are needed to improve detection rates and facilitate appropriate referrals.
  • Multidisciplinary care is essential for managing patients with diagnosed fetal CNS malformations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prenatal diagnosis and outcomes of fetal CNS malformations using sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • To highlight advancements in neurosonography and fetal MRI techniques for improved detection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of prenatal sonographic techniques, including high-resolution vaginal probes and 3D ultrasound modalities (e.g., ultrasound tomographic imaging).
  • Discussion of the role of fetal MRI in identifying specific anomalies like gyration and neurulation defects, and gray/white matter disorders.

Main Results:

  • Advanced ultrasound and MRI provide detailed neurosonographic investigation capabilities.
  • Fetal MRI is particularly effective for diagnosing gyration, neurulation anomalies, and gray/white matter disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic sonographic screening guidelines can enhance the detection of fetal CNS anomalies.
  • Integration of advanced imaging like fetal MRI improves diagnostic accuracy and patient management pathways.