Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

2.2K
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
2.2K
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

840
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
840
Rules for Defining Functions01:29

Rules for Defining Functions

468
A relation is a function if each input x is associated with exactly one output y. For example, the equation      y = 2x + 5 defines a function because every value of x yields a unique y. However, x = y² + 1 is not a function of x, since a single x-value, such as x = 2, corresponds to two possible y-values: y = 1 and y = -1.The vertical line test helps determine whether a graph represents a function. If a vertical line intersects a curve more than once, the curve fails...
468
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

881
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
881
Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon01:10

Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon

718
The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is a cognitive experience characterized by a temporary inability to retrieve specific information from memory despite having a strong feeling of knowing the information. Although individuals cannot access the target word or detail, they frequently recall related elements, such as its initial letter, syllable count, or context. This partial retrieval often causes frustration, as one might recognize a familiar face or know that a name starts with a specific...
718
Variability: Analysis01:11

Variability: Analysis

954
Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
954

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Re-reconsidering the role of temporal order in spoken word recognition.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2019
Same author

The influence of speech rate and accent on access and use of semantic information.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2016
Same author

Processing of no-release variants in connected speech.

Language and speech·2011
Same author

Perceptual learning of co-articulation in speech.

Journal of memory and language·2010
Same author

Is phonological context always used to recognize variant forms in spoken word recognition? The role of variant frequency and context distribution.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2009
Same author

Processing variant forms in spoken word recognition: the role of variant frequency.

Perception & psychophysics·2008

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

1.1K

Phonological variant recognition: representations and rules.

Eleni Pinnow, Cynthia M Connine

    Language and Speech
    |April 24, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study reveals that recognizing less common speech variants improves with experience, a finding that extends to new variant forms. A hybrid model combining multiple representations and inference best explains this phonological variant recognition.

    More Related Videos

    Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
    05:48

    Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

    Published on: August 9, 2024

    1.8K
    Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
    06:48

    Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

    Published on: June 25, 2019

    8.7K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

    Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
    09:09

    Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

    Published on: September 27, 2024

    1.1K
    Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
    05:48

    Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

    Published on: August 9, 2024

    1.8K
    Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
    06:48

    Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

    Published on: June 25, 2019

    8.7K

    Area of Science:

    • Psycholinguistics
    • Cognitive Science
    • Speech Processing

    Background:

    • Understanding how the brain recognizes variations in speech (phonological variants) is crucial for explaining language processing.
    • Two main theories exist: one focusing on how word representations change with frequency, and another on inferential processes bridging speech and word recognition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanisms underlying the recognition of phonological variants.
    • To compare representational and inferential approaches to variant recognition.
    • To determine the influence of experience and form similarity on recognizing infrequent variants.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a lexical decision task and a phoneme identification task with real words.
    • Employed an artificial lexicon in subsequent experiments.
    • Assessed recognition rates after exposure to variants and manipulated similarity to known forms.

    Main Results:

    • Low-frequency variants, unlike high-frequency ones, showed improved recognition after increased exposure, with this effect generalizing to novel forms.
    • Recognition of low-frequency variants in an artificial lexicon was influenced by similarity to high-frequency forms.
    • Similarity alone did not fully account for the recognition of infrequent variants.

    Conclusions:

    • Findings support a hybrid model for phonological variant recognition.
    • This model integrates both frequency-graded lexical representations and inferential processing.
    • Experience and form similarity interact to facilitate the recognition of less common speech forms.