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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks
Published on: May 13, 2016
The rainbow trout genome provides novel insights into evolution after whole-genome duplication in vertebrates
Camille Berthelot1, Frédéric Brunet2, Domitille Chalopin2
11] Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieur, IBENS, 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France [2] Inserm, U1024, 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France [3] CNRS, UMR 8197, 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris F-75005, France [4] CEA-Institut de Génomique, Genoscope, Centre National de Séquençage, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP5706, F-91057 Evry Cedex, France [5] European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Welcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.
Abstract:
Vertebrate evolution has been shaped by several rounds of whole-genome duplications (WGDs) that are often suggested to be associated with adaptive radiations and evolutionary innovations. Due to an additional round of WGD, the rainbow trout genome offers a unique opportunity to investigate the early evolutionary fate of a duplicated vertebrate genome. Here we show that after 100 million years of evolution the two ancestral subgenomes have remained extremely collinear, despite the loss of half of the duplicated protein-coding genes, mostly through pseudogenization. In striking contrast is the fate of miRNA genes that have almost all been retained as duplicated copies. The slow and stepwise rediploidization process characterized here challenges the current hypothesis that WGD is followed by massive and rapid genomic reorganizations and gene deletions.
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