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Thermosensation01:43

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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4
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Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4

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The TRPV4 channel.

Anna Garcia-Elias1, Sanela Mrkonjić, Carole Jung

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|April 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel senses physical and chemical signals. This review covers its expression, function, and role in health and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a widely distributed ion channel.
  • TRPV4 mediates the transduction of diverse physical and chemical stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the TRPV4 channel.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on TRPV4 expression, biophysics, structure, and regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on TRPV4.
  • Analysis of data from TRPV4 animal models and human genetic studies.

Main Results:

  • TRPV4 exhibits diverse expression patterns across various tissues.
  • TRPV4 plays critical roles in numerous physiological processes.
  • Dysfunction of TRPV4 is implicated in various pathological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • TRPV4 is a versatile sensor with significant physiological and pathological relevance.
  • Further research into TRPV4 interacting partners and regulatory mechanisms is warranted.