Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

1.1K
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
1.1K
Gene Regulation During Sporulation01:17

Gene Regulation During Sporulation

713
Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
713
Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

1.1K
The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
1.1K
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

132.7K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
132.7K
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

24
Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
24

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Primary Cryptococcal Cellulitis With High Antigenemia in an Immunocompromised Host: A Case Report and Laboratory Investigation of the Causative <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Strain.

Open forum infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Acetylation and accessibility of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> cell wall chitosans influence the strength of host immune responses.

Cell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Molecular Architecture of <i>Cryptococcus</i> Cell Walls Reveals Species-Specific Chitosan-Dependent Remodeling.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Mitochondrial cardiolipin sequestration of caspofungin underlies <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> inherent resistance and may contribute to cardiotoxicity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Funding FAIRly: A New Model for Biomedical Research.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2026
Same author

Calcineurin controls the cytokinesis machinery during thermal stress in <i>Cryptococcus deneoformans</i>.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same journal

<i>Candida</i> spp. suppress neutrophil reactive nitrogen species to evade killing.

mBio·2026
Same journal

Transformation and allelic exchange in <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i>.

mBio·2026
Same journal

Limited codiversification of the gut microbiota within humans.

mBio·2026
Same journal

CRISPRi targeting to the <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> R-loop or G4 mutant region restores pilin antigenic variation.

mBio·2026
Same journal

Dirty mice better recapitulate key features of mRNA vaccine immunogenicity observed in humans.

mBio·2026
Same journal

YdbL directly modulates YdbH-YnbE bridge formation to maintain <i>Escherichia coli</i> outer membrane homeostasis.

mBio·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Gene Expression Profiling of Infecting Microbes Using a Digital Bar-coding Platform
09:13

Gene Expression Profiling of Infecting Microbes Using a Digital Bar-coding Platform

Published on: January 13, 2016

9.7K

Cryptococcus at work: gene expression during human infection.

Rajendra Upadhya, Maureen J Donlin, Jennifer K Lodge

    Mbio
    |April 24, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study investigates Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in AIDS patients. It examines fungal gene expression during human infection, offering crucial insights into pathogenesis.

    More Related Videos

    Biolistic Transformation of a Fluorescent Tagged Gene into the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
    07:32

    Biolistic Transformation of a Fluorescent Tagged Gene into the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans

    Published on: March 19, 2015

    9.6K
    Cystic Fibrosis Aggregate Biofilm Model to Study Infection-relevant Gene Expression
    08:58

    Cystic Fibrosis Aggregate Biofilm Model to Study Infection-relevant Gene Expression

    Published on: April 18, 2025

    1.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

    Gene Expression Profiling of Infecting Microbes Using a Digital Bar-coding Platform
    09:13

    Gene Expression Profiling of Infecting Microbes Using a Digital Bar-coding Platform

    Published on: January 13, 2016

    9.7K
    Biolistic Transformation of a Fluorescent Tagged Gene into the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
    07:32

    Biolistic Transformation of a Fluorescent Tagged Gene into the Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans

    Published on: March 19, 2015

    9.6K
    Cystic Fibrosis Aggregate Biofilm Model to Study Infection-relevant Gene Expression
    08:58

    Cystic Fibrosis Aggregate Biofilm Model to Study Infection-relevant Gene Expression

    Published on: April 18, 2025

    1.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Mycology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans is a significant health issue, particularly for individuals with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
    • Previous research utilized in vitro and animal models to identify potential virulence factors and pathways in Cryptococcus neoformans.
    • The direct relevance of findings from in vitro and animal studies to human cryptococcal meningitis pathogenesis has often been debated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To bridge the gap between in vitro/animal model findings and human cryptococcal meningitis.
    • To investigate the fungal gene expression profile during active human infection.
    • To provide a more accurate understanding of Cryptococcus neoformans pathogenesis in the context of human disease.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of gene expression in Cryptococcus neoformans isolates obtained directly from patients with meningitis.
    • Comparison of gene expression patterns between different patient outcomes or stages of infection.
    • Utilizing advanced molecular techniques to profile the transcriptome of the fungus in a human host environment.

    Main Results:

    • Identification of specific genes and pathways that are upregulated or downregulated during human cryptococcal meningitis.
    • Correlation of observed gene expression patterns with clinical manifestations and patient outcomes.
    • Demonstration of a distinct transcriptional profile of Cryptococcus neoformans during human infection compared to laboratory conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides critical data on the in vivo behavior of Cryptococcus neoformans in humans.
    • Findings offer a more reliable basis for understanding cryptococcal meningitis pathogenesis and developing targeted therapies.
    • This research highlights the importance of studying fungal pathogens directly within the human host to validate previous experimental findings.