[Microbial antibiotic resistance: resistome, its volume, diversity and development]

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Genetics
• Public Health

Background:

• The concept of the resistome includes all antibiotic resistance genes found in all microorganisms, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic.
• Understanding the resistome is crucial for addressing the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current understanding of the microbial resistome.
• To present data on the origin, evolution, and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes.
• To discuss potential strategies for controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing data on antibiotic resistance genes.
• Analysis of the evolutionary pathways and dissemination mechanisms of resistance genes.
• Exploration of control strategies based on current scientific understanding.

Main Results:

• The resistome is a complex and dynamic entity shaped by microbial evolution and gene transfer.
• Antibiotic resistance genes have diverse origins and have spread widely across different microbial species and environments.
• Effective control strategies require a multifaceted approach addressing environmental, clinical, and agricultural factors.

Conclusions:

• A comprehensive understanding of the resistome is essential for developing effective interventions against antibiotic resistance.
• Controlling the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes necessitates integrated strategies targeting various reservoirs and transmission routes.
• Further research into the dynamics of the resistome is critical for safeguarding antibiotic efficacy.