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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.3K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.4K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.4K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

8.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Gate-controlled spin-orbit coupling in InAs/InGaAs quantum well structures.

Kyung-Ho Kim, Youn Ho Park, Hyun Cheol Koo

    Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
    |April 25, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    We investigated gate-controlled Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in InAs-inserted quantum wells (QWs). InAs-inserted QWs show over three times greater gate controllability of SOC, promising for spintronic devices.

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    Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
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    Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

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    Area of Science:

    • Condensed Matter Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Quantum Engineering

    Background:

    • Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is crucial for spintronic devices.
    • Gate electric fields offer a way to tune SOC.
    • Understanding materials with high gate controllability of SOC is essential for device advancement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and compare the gate electric field controlled Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) constant (alpha) in In0.53Ga0.47As and InAs-inserted quantum well (QW) structures.
    • To evaluate the potential of InAs QWs for spintronic applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of In0.53Ga0.47As and InAs-inserted quantum well (QW) structures.
    • Electrical characterization to measure gate controllability of the Rashba SOC constant (alpha).
    • Analysis of zero-field SOC, contact resistance, and electron mobility.

    Main Results:

    • Observed over three times larger gate controllability of alpha in InAs-inserted QWs compared to In0.53Ga0.47As QWs.
    • Attributed enhanced gate controllability to larger zero-field SOC in narrow band gap InAs QWs.
    • Demonstrated lower contact resistance and higher electron mobility in InAs QWs.

    Conclusions:

    • InAs-inserted QWs exhibit significantly enhanced gate controllability of Rashba SOC.
    • The findings highlight InAs QWs as a promising channel material for next-generation spintronic devices.
    • The study provides critical insights into material design for efficient SOC modulation.