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Related Concept Videos

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

Routes of Drug Administration: Overview

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Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

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The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral

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Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...
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Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique
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Polymer-drug conjugates: recent progress on administration routes.

Xin Pang1, Xiaoye Yang, Guangxi Zhai

  • 1Shandong University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics , 44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan 250012 , China.

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
|April 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Polymer-drug conjugates offer versatile drug delivery platforms. Optimizing administration routes, including emerging ones, is key to enhancing therapeutic efficacy and overcoming current limitations.

Keywords:
intravenous routeocular administrationoral routepolymer-drug conjugatespulmonary administrationroutes of administrationtransdermal route

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer therapeutics
  • Drug delivery systems

Background:

  • Polymer-drug conjugates are crucial in polymer therapeutics, serving as advanced drug delivery platforms.
  • The route of administration significantly influences drug accessibility, target site delivery, and therapeutic index.
  • Physicochemical and biological properties of conjugates are route-dependent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in polymer-drug conjugate drug delivery systems.
  • To focus on classical and emerging administration routes for these conjugates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on polymer-drug conjugates.
  • Analysis of parenteral, enteral, and topical administration routes.
  • Focus on injection, oral, transdermal, pulmonary, and ocular delivery.

Main Results:

  • Current polymer-drug conjugate systems often have incomplete methodologies and limited administration routes, primarily injection.
  • Certain polymer carriers, such as poly(amidoamine) and hyaluronic acid, show promise for drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Future directions include characterizing polymer carriers, developing novel biodegradable polymers, and expanding administration routes.
  • Systematic design methodologies for administration routes are essential for advancing polymer-drug conjugate therapeutics.