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Bleomycin-induced potentially lethal damage and its repair.

H Utsumi¹, M M Elkind

¹Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Japan.

Radiation Research

|September 1, 1989

Summary

Post-treatment with anisotonic saline or conditioned medium affects bleomycin-treated V79 cell survival. Similar to X-ray effects, saline enhanced cell killing, while conditioned medium rescued cells, suggesting common action sites for bleomycin and radiation.

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Radiation Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Bleomycin is an anticancer drug known to induce DNA damage.
Cellular responses to DNA-damaging agents can be modulated by post-treatment conditions.
Previous studies suggest radiation and certain drugs may target similar cellular components.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of post-treatments with anisotonic phosphate-buffered saline and conditioned medium on the survival of V79 Chinese hamster cells exposed to bleomycin.
To compare the observed effects with known responses of cells to X-ray irradiation.

Main Methods:

V79 Chinese hamster cells were treated with bleomycin.
Post-treatments included incubation in anisotonic (hypo- and hypertonic) phosphate-buffered saline and/or conditioned medium.
Cell survival was assessed following these post-treatments.

Main Results:

Anisotonic saline, both hypotonic and hypertonic, significantly enhanced bleomycin-induced cell killing.
The enhancement of cell killing by anisotonic saline increased with both incubation time and temperature.
Incubation in conditioned medium rescued cells from bleomycin-induced lethality, irrespective of subsequent hypertonic saline challenge.

Conclusions:

The effects of post-treatments on bleomycin-induced cell killing show qualitative similarities to those observed after X-ray irradiation.
These findings support the hypothesis that bleomycin and radiation (X rays, fast neutrons) may act on similar sensitive cellular sites.
These sensitive sites are proposed to be located in or near the cell envelope and/or the nuclear protein matrix.

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