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Related Concept Videos

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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Dermis
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Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
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Rare presentation of sebaceous hyperplasia.

Rachael A Lester1, Rochelle R Torgerson, Nicole P Sandhu

  • 1Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

BMJ Case Reports
|April 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Bilateral areolar sebaceous hyperplasia, also known as Montgomery tubercles, is a benign condition causing asymptomatic thickening and oily discharge from the nipple area. This case highlights ectopic sebaceous glands presenting as papules and plaques.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Histopathology

Background:

  • Montgomery tubercles are normal sebaceous glands in the areola, aiding lactation.
  • Sebaceous hyperplasia involves an increase in the size and number of sebaceous glands.

Observation:

  • A 23-year-old woman presented with bilateral asymptomatic areolar thickening and oily nipple discharge over 8 months.
  • Physical examination revealed yellowish-pink papules coalescing into plaques on both areolae.

Findings:

  • Biopsy confirmed the presence of ectopic sebaceous glands.
  • The condition was diagnosed as bilateral areolar sebaceous hyperplasia.

Implications:

  • This benign condition requires no specific treatment but can be a cosmetic concern.
  • Understanding the histology of Montgomery tubercles is crucial for accurate diagnosis and patient counseling.